东方与西方
East and West
"东方不亮西方亮","三十年河东三十年河西",这些话反映了人们对历史发展规律的认识。再过三、四十年,世界的亮点在哪里,东方的中国还是西方的欧洲?本文作者长期担任尼泊尔国王比兰德拉的新闻大臣,在他看来,中国和欧洲都前景光明。
China will provide the fascination1 in
the twenty-first century. Since the Second World War, countries like
Britain and Germany have had major achievements and minor problems2,
while Southeast Asia has had major problems and minor achievements.
China, though3, is experiencing both major achievements and major problems4.
I do believe the tough line5 on population control has been a great
contribution to humanity on an international level. Now the question
is whether China can harness its great economic power - but I don't
myself believe it will ever become a superpower like the United States.
Europe also appears to have an exciting future
before it6 - its cultural diversity is unparalleled. The problem with
diversity is that it takes a while to balance the different elements
- but provided7 that's achieved, Europe could become a real winner economically.
The premise on which Britain bases its approach8 is community; in France,
it9 is the nation; and in Germany the state10. If these three approaches
can be brought together - and it is a big "if"11 - Europe
will have everything going for it.12 I could easily see13 Europe being
number one in the world in 30 to 40 years time.
The world will always have pockets14 of disaster.
As for Nepal, I believe the choice15 is quite clear. We must stand by16
our faith and our cultural values, of course, but when it comes to17
social justice and economic development then we have no option but18
to go for19 the modernising20 western approach21.
In my view, if you22 really want to get rid of
poverty, then you need to adopt a type of social security23 similar
to that which exists24 in the west: local income support25 given to
the worst-off26 5 to 10 per cent of the population, on a regional basis.
There is great hope for the twenty-first century
because of the possibilities27 of cross-cultural fertilisation28, particularly
through29 new technology. Increasingly, I believe we will live in a
world where we will respect each other's cultures as we come to know
more about them. I think virtual reality30 is wonderful - the internet
can really be the best way to see Durbar Marg31 in Kathmandu32.°?
(From CAM: Cambridge Alumni Magazine,
No. 28, 1999)
中国将成为二十一世纪最富吸引力的国家。自从第二次世界大战以来,英国和德国这样的国家取得了大成就,遇到了小问题;东南亚遇到了大问题,取得了小成就;而中国既取得了大成就,也面临大问题。我确实相信,中国在人口控制方面采取的强硬路线从国际方面为人类做出了重大贡献。现在的问题是中国是否能驾驭其巨大的经济力量,但我本人相信,中国永远不会成为像美国那样的超级大国。
欧洲的未来也显得令人振奋--其文化多样性举世无双。多样性的问题是,需要一定的时间才能平衡多种不同因素,但只要取得平衡,欧洲有可能在经济上成为真正的赢家。英国考虑问题的出发点是社区;法国的出发点是民族;德国的出发点是国家。假如这三种考虑问题的方式能结合在一起--而这是一个大有疑问的"假如"--欧洲的发展将势不可挡。不难预见,三、四十年后,欧洲将成为世界第一。
世界上总会存在一些灾难点。至于尼泊尔,我认为选择哪一条路是相当清楚的。我们当然必须坚持自己的信仰和文化价值观,但是,涉及到社会正义和经济发展时,我们别无选择,只得走能带来现代化的西方之路。
我认为,若真想摆脱贫困,就要采取一种类似于目前西方实施的社会保障制度:按照地区划分,向人口中百分之五到十的最贫穷的人发放地方性收入补助。
二十一世纪充满希望,因为跨文化交合,尤其是借助新技术,会带来各种契机。我日益坚信,随着彼此加深了解,人们会生活在一个尊重彼此文化的世界。我认为虚拟现实太奇妙了--互联网可以真正成为参观加德满都王宫的最佳方式。
(选自《剑桥校友杂志》1999年第28期)
1.
provide the fascination:逐字译成"提供吸引力"不符合汉语的搭配习惯。考虑到the所表示的惟一性,这里可意译为"成为最富吸引力的国家"。
2.
have... problems:英语的have与不同的词搭配,意思不同,这里应译为"取得了大成就,遇到了小问题"。
3.
though:=however(然而,不过)。
4.
experiencing... problems:achievements和
problems
作
experiencing的宾语,是可接受的英语搭配,但"经历大成就和大问题"不符合汉语搭配习惯,故应分别译为"既取得了大成就,也面临大问题"。
5.
the tough line:= hard line(强硬路线/立场)。译文最好加上"中国……采取的",使意思更清楚。
6.
before it:这里属于冗余信息,可以不译。
7.
provided:= if; as long as。
8.
the premise ... approach:这里的意思是"英国考虑问题的出发点"。
9.
in France, it:从语法上看,it指
the
premise;从语义上看,
in France, it实际指
the
premise on which France bases its approach。在上下文清楚的情况下,这里可以译成"法国的出发点"。
10.
the state:这个词有两个可能的意思:"国家"和"州"。这里按"国家"理解。
11.
a big "if":"很大的假如"可能不如"大有疑问的假如"意思清楚。
12.
have... it:事情样样都对它有利。引申义为"[欧洲的]发展将势不可挡"。
13.
see:预见。
14.
pockets:小块地区,点。
15.
choice:这里指"选择走那一条路"。
16.
stand by:坚持。
17.
when it comes to:涉及到……时。
18.
have no option but:"除……之外别无选择"或"别无选择,只得……"。
19.
go for:采取。
20.
modernising:能带来现代化的。
21.
approach:此词本身有"路子"的意思,由于前面说到"选择哪一条路",这里译成"路"为宜。
22.
you:这里以及下一个
you都用作泛指。主语是英语陈述句里必不可少的成分,所以要有you;翻译时,泛指的you常不必译出。
23.
social security:社会保障制度。
24.
exists:存在。因与"社会保障制度"搭配,此处可译成"实施"。
25.
income support:收入补助。
26.
the worst-off:最贫穷的人。
27.
possibilities of...:在这里,与
possibilities对应的是"各种契机",而名词短语
possibilities
of...得译成"会带来各种契机",句子才通顺。
28.
cross-cultural fertilisation:作为生物学术语,
fertilisation的意思是"受精",但"跨文化受精"显然不合适,这里可译成"交汇融合"或"交合"。
29.
through:此处可译成"借助"。
30.
virtual reality:虚拟现实。即计算机和互联网上创造出的仿真现实。
31.
Durbar Marg:尼泊尔的王宫。
32.
Kathmandu:尼泊尔首都加德满都。