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Looking at how far we'll be able to fund2
the Health Service3 in the 21st century raises4
any number of5 thorny issues. Many of the options6
have already been rehearsed7 in the press8:
excluding some treatments from the NHS, charging for9
certain drugs and services, and developing voluntary or compulsory health
insurance10 schemes11.
Compared to its European Union counterparts12
Britain operates a low-cost health system13:
we spend about 7 per cent of GDP14 on health,
compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France
and Germany. In terms of health out comes versus spend15,
we compare pretty favourably16.
I don't see private health care17
providing much of the solution to18 current
problems. More likely is19 a shift from universal
health coverage20 to top-up schemes21
which give people basic health entitlements22
but require them to finance23 other treatment
through private financing24, or opt-out schemes25
which use tax relief26 to encourage individuals
to make private provision27. Neither is close
to being implemented, but the future could see28
a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health insurance and an
emphasis on social insurance.
I expect individuals to take greater responsibility
for their personal health using technology that allows self-diagnosis
followed by self-treatment or home care29.
Even so, higher taxes will plainly be needed to fund health care. I
think30 we'll eventually see larger NHS charges31,
more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures32
without proven outcomes33. Stricter eligibility
criteria34 for certain treatments are another
possibility.
All such options would mean a sharp break35
with tradition and political fall-out36 that
could be extremely damaging. None of them is going to win votes for
the political party desperate enough37 to introduce
them but then nobody is going to vote for ill-health or an early death
either.
(From CAM: Cambridge Alumni Magazine,
No. 28, 1999)
¿´Ò»¿´21ÊÀ¼ÍÎÒÃÇÄÜΪ¹úÃñ±£½¡·þÎñÌṩ¶àÉÙ×ʽ𣬻ᷢÏÖÒ»´ó¶Ñ¼¬ÊÖÎÊÌâ¡£Ðí¶à½â¾ö°ì·¨ÒѾÔÚ±¨Ö½ÉÏÌÖÂÛ¹ý¶à´Î£¬ÀýÈç°ÑһЩÖÎÁÆÏîÄ¿´Ó¹úÃñ±£½¡·þÎñÖÐÌÞ³ý³öÈ¥£¬¶ÔijЩҩÎïºÍ·þÎñʵÐÐÊÕ·Ñ£¬½¨Á¢×ÔÔ¸»òÇ¿ÖÆÐÔÒ½ÁƱ£ÏÕÖÆ¶ÈµÈµÈ¡£
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1.
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2.
how far... fund...: ×ÖÃæÒâ˼ÊÇ¡®ÔÚΪ¡¡Ìṩ×ʽð·½ÃæÄÜ×ß¶àÔ¶¡¯£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ¡®ÄÜΪ¡¡Ìṩ¶àÉÙ×ʽ𡯡£
3.
the Health Service: ÕâÀïÖ¸
National
Health Service¡£
4.
raises: ¸ú
issue´îÅäʱ£¬Òâ˼һ°ãÊÇ¡®Òý·¢¡¯¡£ÕâÀïÒòΪÖ÷ÓïÊÇ
Looking
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5.
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6.
options: ¿ÉÑ¡ÔñµÄ°ì·¨¡£¼´¡°½â¾ö°ì·¨¡±¡£
7.
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8.
in the press: ÔÚ±¨Ö½ÉÏ¡£×¢Ò⣺ÕâÖÖ˵·¨±È
in
newspapers¸üµØµÀ¡£
9.
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10.
health insurance = medical insurance:
Ò½ÁƱ£ÏÕ£¬²»ÊÇ¡®½¡¿µ±£ÏÕ¡¯¡£
11.
schemes£ºÕâ¸ö´ÊÔÚ±í´ï¡®¼Æ»®¡¢Öƶȡ¯µÈÒâ˼ʱ£¬ÊÇÓ¢¹úÓ¢ÓïÓ÷¨¡£
12.
counterparts£º¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈË»òÊÂÎï¡£ÓëÓ¢¹ú¶ÔÓ¦µÄÊÂÎï¼´ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¡£
13.
health system£ºÒ½ÁƱ£½¡Ìåϵ¡£
14.
GDP£ºGross Domestic Product£¨¹úÄÚÉú²ú×ÜÖµ£©µÄËõд¡£
15.
In... spend£ºspendÓÃ×÷Ãû´Êʱ£¬±È
spendingËæ±ã£¬¿ÉÒÔÒë³É¡°»¨Ïú¡±£»
outcomeÒ»°ãÒâ˼ÊÇ¡®½á¹û¡¯£¬ÕâÀï¿ÉÒë³É¡°ÊÕЧ¡±¡£ÔÎÄ
outcomesÔÚǰ£¬
spendÔÚºó£¬ÒëÎĵ÷ÕûΪ¡°»¨Ïú¡±ÔÚǰ£¬¡°ÊÕЧ¡±ÔÚºó£¬Âß¼¹ØÏµ¸üΪ×ÔÈ»¡£
16.
compare pretty favourably: ÕâÀïµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡®±ÈÆðÆäËû¹ú¼Ò£¬ÎÒÃDZíÏÖµÃÏ൱²»´í¡¯¡£
17.
private health care: ˽·ÑÒ½ÁƱ£½¡¡£
18.
providing... solution to: ÕâÀïµÄÒâ˼²»ÊÇ¡®Ìṩ½â¾öĿǰÎÊÌâµÄÐí¶à°ì·¨¡¯£¬¶øÊÇ¡®¶ÔÓÚ½â¾öĿǰÎÊÌâÆð¶à´ó×÷Óᯡ£
19.
more likely is: ÕâÀïµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡®¸üÓпÉÄܽâ¾öÎÊÌâµÄÊÇ¡¯£¬²»·ÁÁé»îÒë³É¡°¸ü¿ÉÐеİ취ÊÇ¡±¡£
20.
universal health coverage: È«ÃñÒ½ÁƱ£½¡ÖÆ¡£
21.
top-up schemes: ²¹²î¸¶·ÑÖÆ¡£
22.
health entitlements: Ò½ÁƱ£½¡È¨¡£
23.
finance: = pay for.¸¶·Ñ¡£
24.
through private financing: ×Ô³ï×ʽð¡£
25.
or opt-out scheme: ǰһ¾ä¼ÈÈ»ÊÇ¡°¸ü¿ÉÐеİ취ÊÇ¡±£¬ÕâÀï×îºÃ¼ÓһЩ»°£¬Òë³É¡°ÁíÒ»¸ö°ì·¨ÊÇʵÐÐÍ˳öÖÆ¡±¡£
26.
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27.
make private provision: make provisionµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡®Îª¡¡×÷³ö³ï»®¡¢×¼±¸£¬Î´Óê³ñçÑ¡¯£¬
make
private provisionÔÚÕâÀïÖ¸¡°¸öÈ˽â¾ö×Ô¼ºµÄÒ½ÁƱ£ÏÕÎÊÌ⡱¡£
28.
the future could see: Ó¢Óï¾³£ÓÃÒ»¸ö±íʾʱ¼äµÄ¶ÌÓï×÷Ö÷ÓÒÔsee×÷¶¯´Ê£¬ÒÔ±íʾÊÂÇé·¢ÉúµÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓï×÷±öÓ±í´ïÔÚijʱ¼ä·¢ÉúijÊ¡£·Òëʱ²»¹Ü
see£¬Ö±½Ó°Ñ×÷Ϊ±öÓïµÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓïת»»³É¾ä×Ó¼´¿É¡£
29.
home care: ¼Ò¾Ó»¤Àí¡£
30.
I think£ºÕâÀï¿ÉÒÔ²»Ò룬ÒòΪÕâÒ»¶Î¿ªÍ·ÓС°ÎÒÔ¤¼Æ¡±¡£
31.
larger NHS charges: ¹úÃñ±£½¡·þÎñÊÕ·Ñ»á¸ü¸ß¡£²»ÄÜÒë³É¡°¸ü´óµÄ¹úÃñ±£½¡·þÎñÊÕ·Ñ¡±¡£
32.
procedure: Õâ¸ö´ÊµÄÒâ˼һ°ãÊÇ¡®³ÌÐò¡¯£¬ÕâÀïÓëÒ½ÁÆÓйأ¬ÓÖÇ£³¶µ½
outcomes£¬Ó¦µ±×÷¡®ÁÆ·¨¡¯Àí½â¡£
33.
outcomes: ÓëÒ½ÁÆÓйصĽá¹ûÊÇ¡°Ð§¹û¡±¡£
34.
stricter eligibility criteria:
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35.
sharp break: ¡°³¹µ×¾öÁÑ¡±»ò¡°Ò»µ¶Á½¶Ï¡±¡£
36.
fallout: Ëù²úÉúµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
37.
desperate enough: Íò²»µÃÒÑ¡£²»ÄÜÒë³É¡°×ã¹»¾øÍû¡±¡£